County food-access profile · Illinois
Marshall County, IL
Marshall County's food-access picture is close to the national norm, with pockets that qualify as low-access. This profile breaks down who qualifies as a food desert and the income, SNAP, and vehicle-access context behind it.
- 13.2%
- low-access pop.
- 0
- food-desert tracts
- 13.5%
- on SNAP
- 12K
- residents (ACS 2024)
The food-access picture
13.2% of Marshall County residents live in a low-access area, though none of its tracts meet the USDA food-desert threshold.
- 1
- low-access tracts
- 549
- food-desert residents
- 3.6%
- households, no vehicle
- 11.4%
- below poverty line
Low access = living more than 1 mile (urban) or 10 miles (rural) from the nearest supermarket. Food deserts add a low-income condition (USDA LILA, 1-and-10-mile measure).
Marshall County's low-access share sits near the national share, at 13.2% per the USDA Atlas. 1 of the county's 5 census tracts are flagged low-access, covering roughly 1,665 residents who live far from a supermarket. None of them meet the low-income condition that would additionally classify them as food deserts.
How the USDA defines low-access and food-desert tracts
The USDA measures food access by distance to the nearest supermarket. A census tract is "low-access" when a meaningful share of residents live more than one mile from a supermarket in urban areas, or more than ten miles in rural areas. A tract becomes a "food desert" only when it is both low-access and low-income, because distance is far harder to overcome for households without a car or a cushion in the budget. Counts on this page are aggregated from the tract level, where the federal data is actually published, so a single county figure can hide neighbourhoods that are much better or much worse served than the average. Distance also does not capture everything that shapes whether a family eats well: the presence of a full-service grocer rather than a convenience store, public transit, food pantries, and the price and quality of what is on the shelf all matter beyond the radius the Atlas can draw.
How Marshall County compares nationally
Marshall County lands in the middle of the national distribution: a 13.2% low-access share that beats 28% of the 3,133 U.S. counties with USDA data (rank #2,259).
Marshall County: USDA Food-Access Tier Breakdown
All 5 census tracts in Marshall County, grouped by USDA classification (see "How the USDA defines low-access and food-desert tracts" above for what each tier means).
Marshall County vs. other Illinois counties
Share of the population living in low-access areas, compared with other counties in Illinois
- Marshall 13.2
Marshall County, IL
13.2 % low-access
- Adams 16.5
Adams County, IL
16.5 % low-access
- Alexander
Alexander County, IL
49.6 % low-access
- Bond
Bond County, IL
20.8 % low-access
- Boone
Boone County, IL
31.5 % low-access
- Brown
Brown County, IL
34.5 % low-access
Food Access (USDA FARA 2019)
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Census Tracts | 5 |
| Atlas Population (2010 basis) | 12,640 |
| Low-Access Tracts | 1 |
| Food-Desert Tracts (low-income & low-access) | 0 |
| Low-Access Population | 1,665 |
| Low-Access Share | 13.2%well below the national average |
| Low-Income & Low-Access Population | 549 |
Demographics & Assistance (Census ACS 2024)
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Population | 11,647 |
| Median Household Income | $71,585 |
| Poverty Rate | 11.4%below the national average |
| SNAP Households | 687 |
| SNAP Participation Rate | 13.5%above the national average |
| Households Without a Vehicle | 3.6%well below the national average |
| Group-Quarters Population | 2.4% |
About 13.5% of Marshall County households receive SNAP, versus a U.S. county median in the 11–13% range (Census ACS).
What this means
- 13.2% of residents are low-access, near the national share for U.S. counties.
- 13.5% of households receive SNAP, the federal program that offsets food costs for 687 households here.
- 3.6% of households have no vehicle, the hidden multiplier that turns distance into a real barrier.
- Median household income is $71,585 with a 11.4% poverty rate.
USDA low-access figures reflect the 2019 Atlas (2010 tract populations); socioeconomic context is the latest Census ACS 5-year (2024).
What the food-access data shows for Marshall County
near the national share
A further 1 tract is low-access but not low-income, bringing the total low-access tract count to 1.
An estimated 1,665 residents, roughly 13.2% of the county's 2010 population, live in one of these low-access areas.
Of those, 549 are also low-income, the group most exposed to genuine food hardship, since limited transportation compounds a limited budget.
The remaining 4 tracts (80.0%) meet the USDA's adequate-access threshold.
SNAP retailers in Marshall County
Marshall County has 19 stores currently authorized to accept SNAP (EBT) benefits, across 5 store categories. Convenience Store lead with 9 locations (47% of the total), followed by combination grocery/other.
Convenience Store · 9
- brake time, lacon
- brake time, wenona
- casey's 2852, toluca
- casey's general store 1490, varna
- casey's general store 1852, washburn
- casey's general store 3751, lacon
- casey's general store 3889, henry
- caseys general store 1318, wenona
- iba general stores 1, wenona
Combination Grocery/Other · 7
- cvs/pharmacy 10656, henry
- dollar general 18874, toluca
- dollar general 8298, lacon
- dollar general 2545, henry
- dollar general 25891, varna
- family dollar 11169, wenona
- family dollar 13857, henry
Large Grocery Store · 1
- henry food & deli, henry
Medium Grocery Store · 1
- toluca market, toluca
Supermarket · 1
- jim's iga, lacon
Source: USDA SNAP Retailer Locator, currently authorized retailers.
Other Counties in Illinois
Compare Marshall County vs Adams County → · All Illinois counties →
Food access nationally, Illinois in context
Marshall County sits inside Illinois (ringed). Each state is colored by its population-weighted low-access share; click any state to compare.
USDA Economic Research Service, Food Access Research Atlas (2019), population-weighted · Census ACS 2024 context
Understand the Data
Frequently Asked Questions
What share of Marshall County has low food access? ▼
What is the SNAP participation rate in Marshall County? ▼
What is the poverty rate in Marshall County? ▼
Is Marshall County a food desert? ▼
What share of Marshall County households lack a vehicle? ▼
Data Sources & Methodology
USDA Economic Research Service, Food Access Research Atlas (2019): low-access and food-desert tract classifications, low-access population, and low-income low-access counts. ers.usda.gov/food-access-research-atlas
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2024 5-Year Estimates: population, median income, poverty, SNAP participation, vehicle access, and group quarters. census.gov/programs-surveys/acs
Low access is defined as living more than 1 mile (urban) or 10 miles (rural) from the nearest supermarket; a food desert adds a low-income condition. Read the full methodology →
Data current as of (most recent source-data vintage; figures reflect the 2019 USDA Atlas and 2024 Census ACS).
Note: This page presents public USDA and Census data for informational purposes and is not professional advice. Figures reflect the cited dataset vintages and may differ from the most recent local conditions. How this data is sourced & verified.