County food-access profile · Illinois
Fayette County, IL
Distance to a supermarket is a real obstacle for a meaningful share of Fayette County residents. This profile covers who qualifies as a food desert here and the income, SNAP, and vehicle-access context behind it, from the USDA Food Access Research Atlas (2019) and the Census ACS (2024).
- 39.3%
- low-access pop.
- 5
- food-desert tracts
- 11.6%
- on SNAP
- 21K
- residents (ACS 2024)
The food-access picture
39.3% of Fayette County residents live in a low-access area, and 5 of its 7 census tracts are USDA-designated food deserts.
- 5
- low-access tracts
- 4K
- food-desert residents
- 5.5%
- households, no vehicle
- 15.5%
- below poverty line
Low access = living more than 1 mile (urban) or 10 miles (rural) from the nearest supermarket. Food deserts add a low-income condition (USDA LILA, 1-and-10-mile measure).
USDA data puts Fayette County's low-access share at 39.3%, above the national share. 5 of the county's 7 census tracts are classified low-access, meaning residents there live far from a supermarket, an area covering about 8,702 people. 5 of those also meet the low-income condition that defines a food desert, home to roughly 4,078 low-income residents.
How the USDA defines low-access and food-desert tracts
The USDA measures food access by distance to the nearest supermarket. A census tract is "low-access" when a meaningful share of residents live more than one mile from a supermarket in urban areas, or more than ten miles in rural areas. A tract becomes a "food desert" only when it is both low-access and low-income, because distance is far harder to overcome for households without a car or a cushion in the budget. Counts on this page are aggregated from the tract level, where the federal data is actually published, so a single county figure can hide neighbourhoods that are much better or much worse served than the average. Distance also does not capture everything that shapes whether a family eats well: the presence of a full-service grocer rather than a convenience store, public transit, food pantries, and the price and quality of what is on the shelf all matter beyond the radius the Atlas can draw.
How Fayette County compares nationally
Relative to the 3,133 U.S. counties with USDA food-access data, Fayette County's 39.3% low-access share is elevated, higher than 86% of them and ranked #427 most-affected nationwide.
Fayette County: USDA Food-Access Tier Breakdown
All 7 census tracts in Fayette County, grouped by USDA classification (see "How the USDA defines low-access and food-desert tracts" above for what each tier means).
Fayette County vs. other Illinois counties
Share of the population living in low-access areas, compared with other counties in Illinois
- Fayette
Fayette County, IL
39.3 % low-access
- Adams 16.5
Adams County, IL
16.5 % low-access
- Alexander
Alexander County, IL
49.6 % low-access
- Bond
Bond County, IL
20.8 % low-access
- Boone
Boone County, IL
31.5 % low-access
- Brown
Brown County, IL
34.5 % low-access
Food Access (USDA FARA 2019)
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Census Tracts | 7 |
| Atlas Population (2010 basis) | 22,140 |
| Low-Access Tracts | 5 |
| Food-Desert Tracts (low-income & low-access) | 5 |
| Low-Access Population | 8,702 |
| Low-Access Share | 39.3%well above the national average |
| Low-Income & Low-Access Population | 4,078 |
Demographics & Assistance (Census ACS 2024)
| Indicator | Value |
|---|---|
| Population | 21,315 |
| Median Household Income | $60,944 |
| Poverty Rate | 15.5%near the national average |
| SNAP Households | 909 |
| SNAP Participation Rate | 11.6%near the national average |
| Households Without a Vehicle | 5.5%below the national average |
| Group-Quarters Population | 4.6% |
About 11.6% of Fayette County households receive SNAP, versus a U.S. county median in the 11–13% range (Census ACS).
What this means
- 39.3% of residents are low-access, above the national share for U.S. counties.
- 11.6% of households receive SNAP, the federal program that offsets food costs for 909 households here.
- 5.5% of households have no vehicle, the hidden multiplier that turns distance into a real barrier.
- 5 tracts meet the USDA food-desert threshold (low-income and low-access).
USDA low-access figures reflect the 2019 Atlas (2010 tract populations); socioeconomic context is the latest Census ACS 5-year (2024).
What the food-access data shows for Fayette County
above the national share
5 of Fayette County's 7 census tracts are USDA-designated food deserts, low-income areas where many residents also live far from a supermarket, about 71.4% of all its tracts.
An estimated 8,702 residents, roughly 39.3% of the county's 2010 population, live in one of these low-access areas.
Of those, 4,078 are also low-income, the group most exposed to genuine food hardship, since limited transportation compounds a limited budget.
The remaining 2 tracts (28.6%) meet the USDA's adequate-access threshold.
SNAP retailers in Fayette County
Fayette County has 23 stores currently authorized to accept SNAP (EBT) benefits, across 6 store categories. Convenience Store lead with 13 locations (57% of the total), followed by combination grocery/other.
Convenience Store · 13
- casey's 1960, saint elmo
- casey's general store 1677, ramsey
- casey's general store 1917, vandalia
- circle k 1227, vandalia
- jack flash - farina, farina
- jack flash vandalia 603, vandalia
- mach 1 16, vandalia
- murphy usa 7021, vandalia
- store 1219, vandalia
- sunshine health food store, vandalia
- vandalia fast stop 316, vandalia
- victory lane, brownstown
- fas mart 561, saint elmo
Combination Grocery/Other · 6
- dollar general 2171, vandalia
- dollar general 11707, farina
- dollar general 13106, ramsey
- dollar general 23825, brownstown
- dollar general store 12632, saint elmo
- dollar tree 4851, vandalia
Farmers' Market · 1
- vandalia, illinois farmers' market, vandalia
Small Grocery Store · 1
- ramsey country market n/a, ramsey
Super Store · 1
- walmart supercenter 317, vandalia
Supermarket · 1
- aldi 41018 41018, vandalia
Source: USDA SNAP Retailer Locator, currently authorized retailers.
Other Counties in Illinois
Compare Fayette County vs Adams County → · All Illinois counties →
Food access nationally, Illinois in context
Fayette County sits inside Illinois (ringed). Each state is colored by its population-weighted low-access share; click any state to compare.
USDA Economic Research Service, Food Access Research Atlas (2019), population-weighted · Census ACS 2024 context
Understand the Data
Frequently Asked Questions
What share of Fayette County has low food access? ▼
What is the SNAP participation rate in Fayette County? ▼
What is the poverty rate in Fayette County? ▼
Is Fayette County a food desert? ▼
What share of Fayette County households lack a vehicle? ▼
Data Sources & Methodology
USDA Economic Research Service, Food Access Research Atlas (2019): low-access and food-desert tract classifications, low-access population, and low-income low-access counts. ers.usda.gov/food-access-research-atlas
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2024 5-Year Estimates: population, median income, poverty, SNAP participation, vehicle access, and group quarters. census.gov/programs-surveys/acs
Low access is defined as living more than 1 mile (urban) or 10 miles (rural) from the nearest supermarket; a food desert adds a low-income condition. Read the full methodology →
Data current as of (most recent source-data vintage; figures reflect the 2019 USDA Atlas and 2024 Census ACS).
Note: This page presents public USDA and Census data for informational purposes and is not professional advice. Figures reflect the cited dataset vintages and may differ from the most recent local conditions. How this data is sourced & verified.